We exploit field guides to learn bird species recognition, in particular zero-shot recognition of unseen species. Illustrations contained in field guides deliberately focus on discriminative properties of each species, and can serve as side information to transfer knowledge from seen to unseen bird species. We study two approaches: (1) a contrastive encoding of illustrations, which can be fed into standard zero-shot learning schemes; and (2) a novel method that leverages the fact that illustrations are also images and as such structurally more similar to photographs than other kinds of side information. Our results show that illustrations from field guides, which are readily available for a wide range of species, are indeed a competitive source of side information for zero-shot learning. On a subset of the iNaturalist2021 dataset with 749 seen and 739 unseen species, we obtain a classification accuracy of unseen bird species of $12\%$ @top-1 and $38\%$ @top-10, which shows the potential of field guides for challenging real-world scenarios with many species. Our code is available at https://github.com/ac-rodriguez/zsl_billow

Machine learning is an intimidating subject. Knowing where to develop mastery around such a massive subject that encompasses so many fields, research topics, and applications can be the hardest part of the journey. Anyone with a background in programming will attest to the value of a good textbook, especially when it comes to a subject as technical as machine learning. Get a quote for an end-to-end data solution to your specific requirements. Whether you're a complete novice or a distinguished mastermind in this field, we at iMerit have compiled the best field guides, icebreakers, and referential machine learning textbooks that will suit both newcomers and veterans alike who are looking to improve their understanding of machine learning.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are an indispensable machine learning tool despite the difficulty of diagnosing what aspects of a model's input drive its decisions. In countless real-world domains, from legislation and law enforcement to healthcare, such diagnosis is essential to ensure that DNN decisions are driven by aspects appropriate in the context of its use. The development of methods and studies enabling the explanation of a DNN's decisions has thus blossomed into an active and broad area of research. The field's complexity is exacerbated by competing definitions of what it means "to explain" the actions of a DNN and to evaluate an approach's "ability to explain". This article offers a field guide to explore the space of explainable deep learning for those in the AI/ML field who are uninitiated. The field guide: i) Introduces three simple dimensions defining the space of foundational methods that contribute to explainable deep learning, ii) discusses the evaluations for model explanations, iii) places explainability in the context of other related deep learning research areas, and iv) discusses user-oriented explanation design and future directions. We hope the guide is seen as a starting point for those embarking on this research field.

Some basic definitions and visual examples to help you better navigate this field guide. Useful if you are starting from zero in your understanding of immersive technology.

Big data has transformed into a trend phrase in healthcare and neurosurgery, becoming a pervasive and inescapable phrase in everyday life. The upsurge in big data applications is a direct consequence of the drastic boom in information technology as well as the growing number of internet-connected devices called the Internet of Things in healthcare. Compared with business, marketing, and other sectors, healthcare applications are lagging due to a lack of technical knowledge among healthcare workers, technological limitations in acquiring and analyzing the data, and improper governance of healthcare big data. Despite these limitations, the medical literature is flooded with big data–related articles, and most of these are filled with abstruse terminologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, artificial neural network, and algorithm. Many of the recent articles are restricted to neurosurgical registries, creating a false impression that big data is synonymous with registries. Others advocate that the utilization of big data will be the panacea to all healthcare problems and research in the future. Without a proper understanding of these principles, it becomes easy to get lost without the ability to differentiate hype from reality. To that end, the authors give a brief narrative of big data analysis in neurosurgery and review its applications, limitations, and the challenges it presents for neurosurgeons and healthcare professionals naive to this field. Awareness of these basic concepts will allow neurosurgeons to understand the literature regarding big data, enabling them to make better decisions and deliver personalized care.

Deep neural network (DNN) is an indispensable machine learning tool for achieving human-level performance on many learning tasks. Yet, due to its black-box nature, it is inherently difficult to understand which aspects of the input data drive the decisions of the network. There are various real-world scenarios in which humans need to make actionable decisions based on the output DNNs. Such decision support systems can be found in critical domains, such as legislation, law enforcement, etc. It is important that the humans making high-level decisions can be sure that the DNN decisions are driven by combinations of data features that are appropriate in the context of the deployment of the decision support system and that the decisions made are legally or ethically defensible.

Deep neural network (DNN) is an indispensable machine learning tool for achieving human-level performance on many learning tasks. Yet, due to its black-box nature, it is inherently difficult to understand which aspects of the input data drive the decisions of the network. There are various real-world scenarios in which humans need to make actionable decisions based on the output DNNs. Such decision support systems can be found in critical domains, such as legislation, law enforcement, etc. It is important that the humans making high-level decisions can be sure that the DNN decisions are driven by combinations of data features that are appropriate in the context of the deployment of the decision support system and that the decisions made are legally or ethically defensible. Due to the incredible pace at which DNN technology is being developed, the development of new methods and studies on explaining the decision-making process of DNNs has blossomed into an active research field. A practitioner beginning to study explainable deep learning may be intimidated by the plethora of orthogonal directions the field is taking. This complexity is further exacerbated by the general confusion that exists in defining what it means to be able to explain the actions of a deep learning system and to evaluate a system's "ability to explain". To alleviate this problem, this article offers a "field guide" to deep learning explainability for those uninitiated in the field. The field guide: i) Discusses the traits of a deep learning system that researchers enhance in explainability research, ii) places explainability in the context of other related deep learning research areas, and iii) introduces three simple dimensions defining the space of foundational methods that contribute to explainable deep learning. The guide is designed as an easy-to-digest starting point for those just embarking in the field.

The Silicon Valley-military industrial complex is increasingly in the crosshairs of artificial intelligence engineers. A few weeks ago, Google was reported to be backing out of a Pentagon contract around Project Maven, which would use image recognition to automatically evaluate photos. Earlier this year, AI researchers around the world joined petitions calling for a boycott of any research that could be used in autonomous warfare. For Paul Scharre, though, such petitions barely touch the deep complexity, nuance, and ambiguity that will make evaluating autonomous weapons a major concern for defense planners this century. In Army of None, Scharre argues that the challenges around just the definitions of these machines will take enormous effort to work out between nations, let alone handling their effects.

Artificial intelligence will significantly change the ways we run our businesses and perform our work in the coming years. AI is also seen to carry a huge economic and growth potential. To capture that, Finland and Finnish organizations need to act now. This study explores how 20 leading Finnish organizations, both commercial and public, are embracing AI opportunities in practice to capture this potential. Additionally, we discuss the role AI is currently playing in Finnish business and public scenes and dig deeper into the practical use cases and current best practices identified to set the pace for the AI journey.

The Facebook Field Guide to Machine Learning is a six-part video series developed by the Facebook ads machine learning team. The series shares best real-world practices and provides practical tips about how to apply machine-learning capabilities to real-world problems. Machine learning and artificial intelligence are in the headlines everywhere today, and there are many resources to teach you about how the algorithms work and demonstrations of the latest cutting-edge research. However, if you're interested in using machine learning to enhance your product in the real world, it's important to understand how the entire development process works. It's not only what happens during the training of your models, but everything that comes before and after, and how each step can either set you up for success or doom you to fail.